Vol. 73/No. 48      December 14, 2009

After three months of meetings and discussions with top cabinet members and military officials, Obama announced he was sending 30,000 more troops to Afghanistan. This will bring the number of U.S. troops there to about 100,000, three times more than when Obama took office.

Obama presented the plan as a course to bring the war to a “successful conclusion,” a “transition” to handing responsibility to the Afghan government, and to begin withdrawing U.S. forces in July 2011.

Along with stepping up training of the Afghan army and police, Obama said that an “effective partnership with Pakistan” is at the center of U.S strategy.

The U.S. government has pressed Pakistan to agree to an expanded use of drone attacks and to beefed-up CIA operations against Taliban and al-Qaeda forces in Pakistan. Washington has substantially increased aid to the Pakistan military and government over the last several months.

In recent weeks, several U.S. officials, including Gen. James Jones, Obama’s national security adviser, have traveled to Pakistan to obtain agreement for this course.

Obama wants up to 10,000 more troops from Washington’s NATO allies. Currently there are some 36,000 NATO troops in Afghanistan from 41 countries. In addition, there are more than 100,000 U.S. “contractors,” a 40 percent increase since June. They do everything from security to construction of military bases.

The debate over the U.S. war and occupation accelerated after an August 30 assessment by Gen. Stanley McChrystal, who heads up U.S. and NATO forces in Afghanistan. In that report, McChrystal said the U.S. military “could lose” the war unless it implemented a “counterinsurgency” strategy that included measures to undercut support among Afghans for Taliban and other armed groups.

He later turned in proposals for up to 40,000 more U.S. troops and doubling the size of the Afghan army and police.

The debate exposed divisions in the Obama administration and the U.S. ruling class over what course to take in the war.

Vice President Joseph Biden opposed sending more troops. Instead he put forward a competing “counterterrorism” strategy that would center on stepping up drone attacks on al-Qaeda bases in Pakistan and Afghanistan, increasing the operations of U.S. Special Forces, and focusing more on al-Qaeda bases in Pakistan and less on Taliban groups in Afghanistan.

Conservative columnist George Will put forward a similar view.

Many Republicans, however, and some leading Democrats in Congress came out in support of McChrystal’s request.  
 
Criticism for ‘foot-dragging’
Obama came under stiff criticism by conservatives for “foot-dragging” on making a decision. On December 1 former vice president Richard Cheney complained that the delays have consequences for forces in the field. “Every time he delays, defers, debates, changes his position, it begins to raise questions: Is the commander in chief really behind what they’ve been asked to do?”

Much of the discussion after Obama’s troop announcement focused on his timetable for beginning withdrawal.

“Setting a deadline—so long as it is not set in stone—is a sound idea,” the New York Times said in an editorial.

“We support Mr. Obama’s decision,” the Wall Street Journal stated. But the conservative daily said Obama’s “early exit underscores our larger concern about his own war diffidence.”

The assessment presented by McChrystal proposed imitating aspects of the successful tactics Washington used in Iraq that allowed it to cobble together a somewhat stable capitalist regime, win over major sections of groups that had previously supported armed insurgents, kill or arrest large numbers of those who could not be won over, and build up the Iraqi army and police as effective fighting forces.

A key element in Iraq was the “surge,” when former president George W. Bush sent 30,000 additional troops in just a few months that took advantage of a weakening insurgency and dealt it a series of major blows.  
 
Legacy of imperialist domination
Afghanistan is not the same as Iraq. It does not have the same level of social development and class structure.

Although the population size is similar, 28.4 million people in Afghanistan and close to 30 million in Iraq, Iraq is much more industrialized with a modern capitalist class structure. Iraq has oil and other resources of significant interest to the U.S. and other imperialists as well as Iraqi capitalists.

About 70 percent of Iraqis live in urban areas. In Afghanistan 75 percent live in the countryside, where social relations similar to those that existed 100 years ago still prevail.

U.S. forces in Afghanistan have attempted to win some lower-ranking Taliban fighters to the U.S.-backed side. While Muhammad Akram Khapalwak, administrator for Kabul’s Peace and Reconciliation Commission, claims that some 9,000 Taliban have turned in their weapons and accepted an amnesty, there have been no reports of any significant group of former insurgents taking up arms against the Taliban.

The U.S. military was able to turn the tide in Iraq when a substantial section of Sunni capitalists cut funding and combat logistics for insurgent forces and raised a militia of thousands to aid the occupying troops.

A central part of U.S. strategy already being carried out is to accelerate the training of the Afghan army and police. Since occupying Afghanistan eight years ago, Washington has succeeded in building up the Afghan forces to 82,000 soldiers and 134,000 police. But they have shown little fighting capacity.  
 
Help from NATO?
It’s unlikely that Washington will get much more help from its NATO allies. Aside from London, which has agreed to add 500 more troops to its 9,000 soldiers already stationed in Afghanistan —the second largest NATO contingent—only the governments of Poland, Slovakia, Turkey, Georgia, South Korea, and Montenegro have expressed any willingness to send more troops.

The fourth largest NATO contingent is from France with some 3,000 troops. In mid-October President Nicolas Sarkozy told Le Figaro that “France will not send a single soldier more.”

The third-largest contingent, about 4,300 troops, is from Germany. But the German troops rarely engage in major combat operations or fight at night.
 
 
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